During the session we will hear and discuss Tracey Willard's presentation on China's northern border in the Qing and Republican periods. Throughout China's history, the Han people have been harassed by the threat of invasion from northern barbarians. The long northern border of the empire (and republic) has changed many times, as treaties were made and broken, and the fortunes of leaders rose and fell. During this session, we will meet some of the colourful characters who had an impact on defining the upper edge of China during the last 400 years.

The Chinese History Study Group meets monthly – generally the second Wednesday of each month, October through July. Our members select and research topics of personal interest within the themes, make brief oral presentations, and then engage in discussion with those attending the talk. Each month one or two members discuss their topics.

Theme of this season: China's Impact Outside